Earthquakes and Volcanoes 지진과 화산 관련 단어 영영풀이

[Earthquakes and Volcanoes 지진과 화산 관련 단어 영영풀이]

 

move

verb : to go from one place to another

noise

noun : a sound, or sounds, that are loud or unpleasant to hear

shake

verb : to move back and forth or up and down quickly

slope

noun : an upward or downward slant

 

---

 

accumulate

verb : to build up or collect over time; to increase

active

adjective : in a state of activity; having or requiring a lot of physical energy

aftershock

noun : a small earthquake that occurs during the days or months after a larger earthquake has occurred

alert

verb : to warn or inform

cinders

noun : dark-colored rocks or pebbles formed by small pieces of flying lava or ash

core

noun : the central, innermost, or most important part of something

crater

noun : a bowl-shaped hollow area in a volcano where lava, ash, and gases come out

crust

noun : the thin outer layer of Earth's surface

damage

noun : injury; loss

debris

noun : scattered pieces of something that are left after the rest has been destroyed or is gone

deposit

verb : to set down an amount of a substance, such as sediment, on a surface or area

depression

noun : a low, hollow place

devastating

adjective : causing ruin

disaster

noun : a sudden event that causes great damage, harm, or loss; an event with a terrible result

dormant

adjective : inactive but able to become active again

earthquake

noun : the shaking of Earth's crust caused by underground vibrations

epicenter

noun : the point on the surface directly above where vibrations are centered in an earthquake

erode

verb : to wear away rock or soil by water, wind, or ice

erupt

verb : to forcefully eject something that has been pent up, as from a volcano; to come out in a sudden explosion

erupting

verb : ejecting gas, ash, rocks, and lava from a volcano

eruption

noun : the sudden forcing of material from a volcano

evacuate

verb : to move people out of danger

evacuation

noun : the removal of people from a place of danger

explode

verb : to blow up or burst with a sudden release of energy

extinct

adjective : not having erupted in thousands of years and showing no sign of erupting in the future; inactive

fault

noun : a crack in Earth's crust along which movement occurs

fissure

noun : a long, narrow opening or crack

foreshock

noun : a small earthquake that occurs before a larger earthquake

formation

noun : something that is shaped, formed, or created

gas leak

noun : a hole or crack that allows natural gas to escape

geologic

adjective : of or having to do with land, rocks, soil layers, or minerals

geologist

noun : a person who studies the origin, physical nature, structure, and history of Earth

geology

noun : the study of rocks, soil, and minerals

intact

adjective : still put together; not broken or damaged

intensity

noun : the degree of force or strength

landslide

noun : a moving mass of soil and rock that flows down a slope

lava

noun : melted, liquid rock that reaches Earth's surface

magma

noun : melted, liquid rock beneath Earth's surface

magnitude

noun : greatness of size or intensity

molten

adjective : the liquid state of rock when heated to a high temperature

mudslide

noun : a dirt- and debris-filled flood of water that flows down a slope

natural disaster

noun : a sudden event caused by natural forces that causes widespread damage or death

plates

noun : the large sheets of rock that make up Earth's crust

prepare

verb : to make something or oneself ready

prepared

adjective : ready for use or to meet a difficult situation

pressure

noun : physical force placed on an object

rumble

verb : to make a deep, heavy, rolling sound

safety

noun : the state of being protected from injury or harm

safety plan

noun : a plan of action that helps keep people safe and calm during an emergency, such as an earthquake

seismic

adjective : relating to the shaking of Earth's crust, as by an earthquake

seismology

noun : the scientific study of earthquakes and the Earth's interior

severe

adjective : extremely harsh or unpleasant

siren

noun : a device used to make loud, shrill warning sounds

spew

verb : to spit or pour out a large amount of something

terrain

noun : the natural features of a piece of land; ground

tidal

adjective : of or relating to ocean tides

tremor

noun : shaking or trembling of the ground, often before or after an earthquake

tsunami

noun : a large, destructive ocean wave caused by an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption

vent

noun : an opening in Earth's crust through which magma and gases come out

vibrate

verb : to move back and forth very quickly

vibration

noun : a trembling movement; a small, rapid back-and-forth or side-to-side movement

volcanic

adjective : of or relating to a volcano

volcano

noun : a place in Earth's crust where gases, ash, and lava spew onto the surface

warning

noun : something that tells of a possible danger or problem

 

---

 

aerosol

noun : liquid or fine solid particles suspended in a gas

amplitude

noun : the height of a crest (or the depth of a trough) of a wave

caldera

noun : a large, bowl-shaped basin where the land has collapsed into an empty magma chamber

cinder cone

noun : a volcano that forms when airborne lava cools and settles to the ground in the shape of a cone

composite volcano

noun : an explosive volcano made of many layers of ash, lava, and ejected rocks

continental drift

noun : the slow process of Earth's continents moving as Earth's plates shift

convergent boundary

noun : a part of the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other

divergent boundary

noun : a part of the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other

drop-and-cover drill

noun : a safety plan that is practiced by dropping to the ground and getting under something strong that will provide cover in case of an earthquake

geomorphology

noun : the study of the Earth's surface features and the processes that form them

global mid-ocean ridge

noun : an underwater mountain range that zigzags between all the continents

hot spot

noun : a place in the Earth's crust where hot, molten rock rises close to the surface

hypocenter

noun : the point within the Earth's crust where an earthquake originates

igneous rock

noun : rock formed by the hardening of hot, molten magma

lahar

noun : a large mudslide caused by an erupting volcano

lithosphere

noun : Earth's crust and upper mantle; the rocky part of the planet

mantle

noun : the semi-solid layer of Earth that lies between the crust and the core

metamorphic rock

noun : rock formed by exposing igneous or sedimentary rock to extreme heat and pressure

ocean earthquake

noun : an earthquake that happens in the part of Earth's crust under an ocean

oceanic plate

noun : a plate in the Earth's crust located beneath an ocean

Pangaea

noun : a single continent made up of all of Earth's landmass long ago

phenomena

noun : observable events, occurrences, or situations

phenomenon

noun : an observable event or occurrence; someone or something that is very impressive or popular because of an unusual ability or quality

plate tectonics

noun : a geological theory explaining the movement of Earth's crust

pyroclastic flow

noun : a hot mixture of rocks, water, and gases, ejected in an explosive manner from a volcano, that moves rapidly in response to gravity

Richter scale

noun : a scale ranging from 1 to 10 that measures the strength of an earthquake (1 is the weakest, and 10 is the strongest)

Ring of Fire

noun : a region bordering the Pacific Ocean that has active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes

rock cycle

noun : the series of changes that rock undergoes as it cycles between different forms

seamount

noun : an underwater volcano

sedimentary rock

noun : rock formed when sediment is compacted

seismograph

noun : a device that makes electrical signals when the ground moves; detects earthquakes and measures and records their magnitude

shield volcano

noun : a nonexplosive volcano made of hardened lava

surge cloud

noun : a fast, superheated cloud of ash, gas, dust, and rock that moves along the ground after a volcanic eruption

tectonic plates

noun : the large sheets of rock that make up Earth's crust

thrust fault

noun : a fault where plates in Earth's crust move upward and form mountains

transform boundary

noun : a part of the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates slide past each other

viscous

adjective : having a thick, syrupy consistency

volcanologist

noun : a scientist who studies volcanoes

X-shaped crack

noun : a crack in a wall caused by an earthquake that is shaped like an X and indicates serious damage that could cause the wall to fall down