Life Science: General Terms 생명과학: 일반용어 영영풀이

[Life Science: General Terms 생명과학: 일반용어 영영풀이]

 

alive

adjective : living; not dead

arms

noun : limbs attached to the shoulders of a human or other animal; limbs of some animals, such as sea stars

bird

noun : an animal with a backbone, a beak, wings, and feathers

body

noun : all the physical parts of a human or other animal

body

noun : the main part of a human or other animal that is not its head or limbs

dead

adjective : no longer alive

den

noun : the home of a wild animal

legs

noun : limbs used for standing and moving from place to place

lodge

noun : the home of a beaver

nest

noun : a place where birds or other animals lay eggs and/or take care of their young

paw

noun : an animal's foot that has a pad and claws

pest

noun : an insect or other animal that is harmful

store

verb : to keep or collect something to use later

wild

adjective : in a natural state; not controlled by humans

yolk

noun : the round, yellow portion in the center of an egg

zoo

noun : a park with wild animals

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 abundant

adjective : present in large amounts

adapt

verb : to change to fit a new or specific situation or environment

adapted

adjective : changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment

amphibian

noun : a cold-blooded animal with a backbone that generally spends some time in water and some time on land

analysis

noun : the close examination of something to learn more about it

anatomy

noun : a branch of science that studies the physical structure of living things; the parts that make up the physical structure of a living thing

aquatic

adjective : growing or living in or near water

backbone

noun : a column of bones that provides the main support for a vertebrate's body; the backbone, or vertebral column

behavior

noun : the way a human or other animal acts in a certain situation

being

noun : a living creature

biological

adjective : having to do with biology or organisms that are living; related by blood

biologist

noun : a scientist who studies living things

biology

noun : the branch of science that studies living things

breed

verb : to cause an animal to produce young, usually in a controlled manner

breed

noun : a group of animals or plants with similar characteristics that have been developed through controlled reproduction

breeding

verb : producing offspring; helping something reproduce

burrow

noun : a hole dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home

camouflage

adjective : relating to a pattern that helps something blend in with its surroundings

camouflage

verb : to blend into the background; to hide

camouflage

noun : an adaptation that allows some animals to blend into the background or hide by using colors, patterns, or shapes

captivity

noun : the state of being confined or without freedom

carcass

noun : the dead body of an animal

carnivorous

adjective : meat-eating

cell

noun : the smallest independently functioning unit in an organism

characteristic

noun : a feature that helps to identify a thing or group of things

classify

verb : to sort; to assign to a category

clone

verb : to duplicate

cold-blooded

adjective : having an internal body temperature that changes with the temperature of the surroundings

colony

noun : a group of animals that live together; a place where a group of ants or certain other social insects live

common name

noun : the name by which a living thing is known to the general public and is called in everyday speech

conceal

verb : to hide

contrast

verb : to look at something to see how it is different from something else

creature

noun : an animal

creature

noun : an animal, especially one that is strange or unusual

cycle

noun : a regular series of events that keep repeating

decay

verb : to decompose through the action of fungi and bacteria

defense

noun : the action of protecting oneself from harm or attack

diet

noun : the type of food that humans and other animals regularly eat

disappear

verb : to stop existing or being in sight

disguise

verb : to pretend to be something different by changing one's appearance

dissect

verb : to cut open or separate something into parts in order to study it

domesticated

adjective : of or relating to plants or animals that are raised for human use

dominant

adjective : being more important, effective, or powerful than others

dominant

adjective : relating to a gene carrying a stronger trait that overrides a recessive trait

endangered

adjective : in danger of dying out completely

equilibrium

noun : a state of balance between opposing forces

escape

verb : to break free from or keep from being captured

evolution

noun : the process by which living things develop and differentiate over long periods of time

evolve

verb : to change or develop over time

expand

verb : to become or make larger in size, amount, volume, or scope

extinct

adjective : no longer in existence; completely wiped out

extinction

noun : the process by which an entire group of animals or plants dies out

eyepiece

noun : the lens or lenses closest to the eyes in a telescope, microscope, or binoculars

female

noun : a plant or animal that can be fertilized by the seed of a male

fertilization

noun : the process of combining male and female cells to create a new animal or plant

field guide

noun : a book that helps people identify things in nature

flourish

verb : to do very well

footprints

noun : the marks left by feet or shoes on the ground or another surface

forage

verb : to search for or gather food or other provisions

fossil

noun : the remains of a plant or animal that turned to stone over time

gene

noun : a basic unit of heredity that transfers a trait from one generation to the next

generation

noun : a span of time, approximately 20-30 years, between when a group of parents and their children are born

genetics

noun : the field of science that studies how traits are passed on from one generation to the next

heredity

noun : the passing on of traits, such as hair and eye color, from one generation to the next

hibernate

verb : to go into a state of deep sleep, often during winter

hibernation

noun : a state of deep sleep that some animals go into during winter

inherit

verb : to receive genetic traits from parents or other ancestors

inorganic

adjective : not having to do with or coming from living organisms

insect

noun : a small animal with six legs, three body parts, and usually two sets of wings

instinct

noun : inherited behavior that leads animals of the same species to act certain ways in certain situations

instinctively

adverb : without thinking; automatically

intelligence

noun : the ability to learn and understand

invasive

adjective : related to moving into a new area or body with harmful or disruptive effect; not native

invertebrate

noun : an animal that has no backbone

jaws

noun : the mouth of a toothed animal, especially a dangerous one

lair

noun : the resting or living place of a wild animal or dangerous person

lifeless

adjective : dead; limp; lacking life

limb

noun : an arm, leg, or wing; a large tree branch

locomotion

noun : movement from one place to another

male

noun : a plant or animal that produces a seed that can fertilize a female

markings

noun : symbols that tell what something is or where it came from

marsupial

noun : a mammal whose young are born very immature and continue to develop in the mother's pouch

membrane

noun : a thin layer of tissue that acts as a partition or lining in an organism

microscopic

adjective : so small that it can only be seen using a microscope

migrate

verb : to move from one habitat or region to another at a certain time each year

migrating

adjective : moving from one habitat or region to another at a certain time each year

migration

noun : a regular, predictable movement of living things from one location to another

naked

adjective : without clothing (person); without a body covering (animal); without leaves (plant)

newborn

adjective : just born or recently born

Nobel Prize

noun : one of six prizes awarded each year for work in chemistry, economics, literature, medicine, or physics, or for advancing the cause of world peace

nucleus

noun : a cell part that controls a cell's activity

nutrients

noun : substances that living things need to live, stay healthy, and grow

organic

adjective : having to do with or coming from living organisms

organism

noun : a living thing

origin

noun : the beginning of something; the source from which a thing came

override

verb : to automatically take over, cancel out, or replace another

paleontologist

noun : a person who studies plant and animal fossils

paleontology

noun : the study of plant and animal fossils

parasite

noun : a plant or animal that grows on or feeds off another

passage

noun : a tube or channel in the physical structure of a living thing

poisonous

adjective : containing a poison that is harmful when swallowed, breathed, or touched

pouch

noun : a pocket of skin on the belly of some female animals, such as kangaroos, used for carrying young

pregnant

adjective : the condition of a woman or other female animal of having one or more babies developing inside her body

prey

noun : an animal that is hunted and eaten by a predator

protein

noun : an essential nutrient found in the cells of all living things

recessive

adjective : relating to a gene carrying the weaker trait that a dominant gene overrides

refuge

noun : a place of safety, comfort, or protection

remains

noun : the material that is left after an organism dies or after something is finished

reptile

noun : a cold-blooded animal with a backbone that is covered with scales or horny plates

respond

verb : to react to something that happens

ritual

noun : a ceremony with standard steps or actions; a repeated series of acts with a specific purpose

scarce

adjective : rare; present in small amounts

scientific name

noun : the formal name that scientists use for a living thing, composed of its Latin names

sex

noun : one of two categories into which living things can be grouped by their reproductive functions

species

noun : a group of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce

specimen

noun : an example of something used for comparison, study, or display

stage

noun : a specific period of time in the growth or development of something, such as an insect

survive

verb : to stay alive; to continue to exist

symbiotic

adjective : of or relating to a beneficial relationship between different kinds of organisms

tame

verb : to bring under control or make less wild

terrestrial

adjective : living on the ground

territorial

adjective : relating to behavior used to guard or defend territory

territory

noun : an area of land or water under the control of a specific state or country; a geographic area

thrive

verb : to grow and be healthy

tissue

noun : a group of cells in an organism that are similar in form and perform a certain function

tolerate

verb : to suffer or endure something unpleasant

tracks

noun : marks left by something that has traveled by

trait

noun : a feature or quality of an animal, plant, thing, or group

venomous

adjective : having the ability to inject venom, a poisonous fluid, by striking, biting, or stinging

vision

noun : the ability to see; a mental image of something

warm-blooded

adjective : having a relatively constant internal body temperature that does not change with the temperature of the surroundings

waste

noun : solid matter passed out of the body of an animal

zoologist

noun : a biologist who studies animal life

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 albino

noun : a person or other animal with an absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

allele

noun : one of two or more alternative forms of a gene

arboreal

adjective : living in trees

biodiversity

noun : the variety of life forms on Earth or in a specific habitat or ecosystem

bioluminescent

adjective : glowing with light from chemical reactions made by living things

biosphere

noun : the regions of a planet's surface and atmosphere that support life

blending coloration

noun : camouflage that helps an animal blend in with its background

body covering

noun : the outer layer of an animal's body

captive breeding

noun : the breeding of animals in captivity for release into the wild

cell membrane

noun : the outside covering of an animal cell; also, the inside wall of a plant cell

chromosome

noun : a rod-shaped structure inside cells that carries genes

class

noun : a grouping of living things that ranks just under a phylum

convergence

noun : the process or act of coming together or meeting; a location where two things meet

crustacean

noun : a member of a group of mostly aquatic invertebrates; includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp

cytoplasm

noun : the liquid that lies inside the cell membrane

disruptive coloration

noun : a chunky pattern, such as stripes, blotches, or spots that helps to camouflage an animal

DNA

noun : a code that carries genetic information about a living thing; abbreviation of deoxyribonucleic acid

double helix

noun : a spiral made up of two parallel strands

echolocation

noun : a way of locating objects by sending out a sound and measuring how long it takes to bounce back

endangered species

noun : a species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of becoming extinct

family

noun : a group of living things that share common characteristics; a category in biology that ranks between order and genus

fauna

noun : animal life in general, or the animals that live in a specific region

flash coloration

noun : startling color that an animal flashes to help it escape

flora

noun : plant life in general, or the plants that live in a specific region

fossil record

noun : the history of life on Earth as recorded in fossils

genetic

adjective : having to do with heredity and variation in living things

genetic material

noun : the part of a cell that carries the basic information about an organism's characteristics

genus

noun : a group of living things sharing common characteristics that includes one or more species

hemisphere

noun : half of a sphere or a mostly round object, such as a planet or a brain

herpetologist

noun : a scientist who studies reptiles and amphibians

hybridization

noun : the process of breeding similar but different species or groups to combine the best characteristics of both

imprint

verb : to identify with from an early age

indigenous

adjective : native to a particular place

inherited trait

noun : a genetic trait that is received from parents or other ancestors

intracellular

adjective : existing within cells

kingdom

noun : the main category of classification for life forms

longevity

noun : length of life; life span

microorganism

noun : a microscopic organism, such as a virus or single bacterial cell

migration route

noun : the path that a species of migrating animals regularly takes during its journey

mitochondria

noun : cell parts that produce energy

morphological

adjective : relating to the structure or form of a living thing

multicellular

adjective : composed of more than one cell

mutate

verb : to change into a different form

mutation

noun : a change in the genes from one generation to the next that may alter how an offspring grows and what it can do

nerve net

noun : a simple nervous system found in the bodies of cnidarians and echinoderms

order

noun : a main grouping of living things that ranks just under a class

organelle

noun : a specialized part of a cell that performs a specific function

peripheral vision

noun : the ability to see to the sides without turning one's head

phagocytes

noun : cells that eat invading microbes in the body

phylum

noun : a main grouping of living things that ranks just under a kingdom

predation

noun : the hunting, killing, and feeding on an animal by another one

ribosome

noun : a cluster of proteins and RNA in the cytoplasm of living cells that aid in manufacturing proteins

secrete

verb : to produce and release a liquid or other substance

secretion

noun : a substance, usually a liquid, produced and released by a plant or animal

selective breeding

noun : the breeding of selected plants or animals with each other for the purpose of improving or controlling the traits inherited by their offspring

submicroscopic

adjective : too small to be seen with an ordinary microscope

subspecies

noun : a subdivision of a species of plant or animal that is different from other groups within the species

taxonomy

noun : the branch of science that classifies things, especially living things

torpor

noun : a state of low activity; a deep sleep, but not as deep as hibernation

unicellular

adjective : composed of only one cell

vacuole

noun : a cell part that stores water and nutrients

warning coloration

noun : a kind of camouflage that tells other animals that an animal tastes bad or is poisonous

wildlife refuge

noun : an area set aside for the protection and preservation of wild animals