Rocks, Gems, and Minerals 암석, 보석, 그리고 광물 영영풀이

[Rocks, Gems, and Minerals 암석, 보석, 그리고 광물 영영풀이]

 

boulder

noun : a large rock

dust

noun : a dry powder, often made from tiny pieces of rocks and soil

pebble

noun : a small, smooth stone

rock

noun : a very hard material in nature that is made of minerals

---

 aluminum

noun : a light silver metal

bedrock

noun : a layer of solid rock underneath the ground's surface

clay

noun : stiff, sticky, fine-grained soil

coal

noun : a dark-colored rock made mostly of prehistoric plant remains that is burned as a fuel

compress

verb : to squeeze or pack tightly together

copper

noun : a soft, reddish-brown metal

crystal

noun : a mineral that forms in regular, tight patterns

cultured

adjective : made with the help of human beings

deposit

verb : to set down an amount of a substance, such as sediment, on a surface or area

diamond

noun : the hardest known natural material, formed by great heat and pressure underground

dynamite

noun : an explosive material used for blasting

embedded

adjective : buried in; surrounded by

emerald

noun : a precious gem that is usually bright green in color

engraved

adjective : cut or carved into a hard surface as decoration

erode

verb : to wear away rock or soil by water, wind, or ice

facets

noun : flat surfaces of a cut gemstone

forge

verb : to heat and hammer metal into a desired shape

fossil

noun : the remains of a plant or animal that turned to stone over time

gem

noun : a mineral or organic material that can be cut and polished for use in jewelry

geologic

adjective : of or having to do with land, rocks, soil layers, or minerals

geologist

noun : a person who studies the origin, physical nature, structure, and history of Earth

geology

noun : the study of rocks, soil, and minerals

grain

noun : lines and patterns made by layers of minerals in a stone; also, the smallest particle of a rock

granite

noun : a hard volcanic rock used to make monuments and buildings

grit

noun : small, loose pieces of sand or stone; the fineness or coarseness of stone

iron

noun : a strong, hard, silver-gray metal

jewel

noun : a stone with a high value or price that is used as decoration

karst

noun : an area of rock, such as limestone, that dissolves easily and that often has sinkholes, underground streams, and caverns

lead

noun : a heavy, soft gray metal that is easily bent and shaped

mine

verb : to take minerals from the ground by digging or blasting

mine

noun : a place where minerals are taken from the ground by digging or blasting

miner

noun : a person who works in a mine

mineral

noun : a solid, natural material that does not come from a living thing

mining

noun : taking minerals from the ground by digging or blasting

nugget

noun : a small lump of gold or another precious metal

opal

noun : a multicolored gemstone that is somewhat transparent, or see-through

ore

noun : a rock that has useful minerals or metals inside it

overburden

noun : the dirt, soil, and rocks above the bedrock or something of interest, such as minerals or artifacts

pearl

noun : a hard, round, shiny gem, usually whitish or bluish-gray, that is formed within the shell of an oyster or other bivalve mollusk

polish

verb : to rub something until it is smooth and glassy

precious metal

noun : a metal that is highly valued for its rarity

prospecting

noun : the act of searching for valuable things, such as mineral deposits or oil

prospector

noun : a person who searches for minerals such as gold and silver

quarry

noun : a place where stone, marble, or slate is excavated

quartz

noun : a common mineral of which there are many varieties

ruby

noun : a precious gem that is usually red in color

set

verb : to place or mount a jewel in a certain way that is meant to be pleasing to look at

silt

noun : fine-grained soil materials that are carried by running water and deposited

silver

noun : a grayish-white metal often used for jewelry, coins, and eating utensils

slate

noun : a type of metamorphic rock that splits into thin, smooth sheets

sodium

noun : a soft metal found in salt

sparkling

adjective : shiny and bright

steel

noun : a kind of metal made of iron and carbon

till

noun : the soil and other material left behind when a glacier recedes

tin

noun : a silvery-white metal

turquoise

noun : a greenish-blue color; a gemstone of the same color

unearth

verb : to dig up something from the ground; to discover a piece of evidence

---

 alloy

noun : a metal that is a combination of two or more metals

amber

noun : the hard, fossilized resin from extinct trees of long ago

asterism

noun : a star-shaped reflective pattern inside a gem; a group of stars smaller than a constellation

bauxite

noun : a claylike material from which aluminum is obtained

carat

noun : a unit of weight for diamonds and other jewels

deposition

noun : the act or process by which wind or water sets down sediment

electrum

noun : a natural metal made of a mixture of gold and silver

flint

noun : a hard, gray rock that is a type of quartz

gemologist

noun : a scientist who studies the chemical composition of gemstones

geomorphology

noun : the study of the Earth's surface features and the processes that form them

igneous rock

noun : rock formed by the hardening of hot, molten magma

lapidary

noun : a gem cutter

limestone

noun : a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of marine organisms

lodestone

noun : naturally magnetic rock

manganese

noun : a hard, gray, nonmetallic metal used to make steel

metamorphic rock

noun : rock formed by exposing igneous or sedimentary rock to extreme heat and pressure

Mohs scale

noun : a scale used to measure the hardness of minerals

obsidian

noun : a smooth, glassy rock formed when volcanic lava cools rapidly

organic gem

noun : a gem made from substances created by living things

pumice

noun : a light, porous volcanic rock

rock cycle

noun : the series of changes that rock undergoes as it cycles between different forms

sandstone

noun : a type of sedimentary rock made up of particles of sand

sedimentary rock

noun : rock formed when sediment is compacted

sedimentation

noun : the formation of a geological deposit created by wind, water, or ice

shale

noun : a type of sedimentary rock formed by layers of clay, mud, or silt

smelting

noun : the use of extreme heat to separate metal from the ore containing that metal

sulfur

noun : a chemical element that is common and can burn

zinc

noun : a silvery-white metal used to coat iron and steel so they don't rust